IMPORTANTS NOTES FOR BIOLOGY FOR UPSC AND CGL

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Lauis Pasteur - Father of Microbiology
Theophrastus-   Father of  Botany
Aristotle       -    Father of  Biology and Zoology
Mendel         -    Father of  Genetics
Robert Hook -    Discovered cell
Robert Brown-   Discovered nucleus
Schleiden &   -   Cell theory /Cell Doctrine
Sawan


Branches                                               Study of

Microbiology                                Microorganisms                                                                  
Anthology                                     Flower
Palynology                                     Pollen grains
Pomology                                       Fruits
Paleobotany                                    Fossil Plants
Silviculture                                     Forestry
Agrostology                                    Grasses
Horticulture                                    Garden plants
Pharmacology                                 Actions of Drugs
Pharmacognosy                               Medicinal Plants
Genetics                                           Heredity and Variation
Phycology/Algology                        Alge
Mycology                                         Fungi
Oncology                                          Cancer
Oncogene                                          Gene causing cancer
Carcinogen                                        Chemical causing cancer
Entomology                                       Insects
Ornithology                                        Birds
Herpetology                                        Amphibians
Ichthyology                                         Fishes
Serpentology/Ophiology                     Snakes
Molecular Biology                              DNA  RNA & Gene
Cytology                                              Cell




  • Smallest Flower- Wolffia-Rootless and Floating Hydrophyte.
  • Largest Flower- Rafleria( 1 m )
  • Smallest cell -PPLO (Pleuropneumonia Like Organism Mycoplasma) or Jocker cell .
  • Largest cell- Ostrich Egg
  • Largest Human cell- Ovum
  • Smallest human cell-Sperm
  • Longest Human cell-Neurons
  • Longest plant cell-Fibre of ramie
  • Word Oldest plant- Jurupe oak-Quercus palmeri-13000 years old california
  • Redwood tree or Sequoia - Tallest tree- found in Australian temperaterain 
  • Longest Grass- Bamboo -Monocarpic-Flowering occurs only once
  • Gene is the basic unit of heredity.
  • Mendel performed his experiment on Garden Pea
  • Spirulina and chlorella - Space food
  • From Chlorella Antibiotic Chlorellin is obtain.
  • Bioremediation Cleaning Pollution by Microorganism
  • Brinzol X Tomato =Bromato
  • Potato X Tomato  = Pomato
  • Flavr Savr is generally modified Tomato
  • Triticale is first men made grain which is obtain by crossing wheat with rye
  • Superberg is generally modified Bacteria used to clean oil spill
  • Bt cotton & Bt Brinjal Gene is inserted from Bacteria called Bacillus-thuringiensis


 









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